The Crisis of Democratic Transition and its Repercussions on Contemporary Iraqi Society: An Analytical Study in Political Sociology
Throughout history, Iraqi society has suffered from injustice, tyranny, and occupation. However, modern Iraq, since the establishment of the Iraqi state, has not experienced periods of prosperity except for a short period, which was preceded and followed by manifestations of poverty, ignorance, and the woes of wars, killing, and terrorism. During this time, the government's power and its unilateral decision-making were the deciding factors that brought crises upon it, driven by internal and external factors that ultimately led to the political decision being held hostage by international powers. After 2003, the Iraqi citizen began to look forward to new horizons that carried within them the meanings of freedom, justice, and inclinations towards achieving democracy. But in reality, he found himself under an administration that lacked decision-making, whose concern was to remain in power rather than provide services or reforms. It practiced marginalization, exclusion, and a lack of transparency, which burdened him and made him lose faith in the slogan of democracy, making it more of a curse than a blessing that exacerbates his reality and disturbs his peace. The research sought to answer the question of what democracy is, its standards, the reasons for its crisis, and the obstacles that stand in its way and led to its failure, in order to reach the results and facts that made democratic transition a crisis that is difficult to practice at the present time, as well as revealing the future vision of democracy in Iraqi society in light of regional and international changes and geopolitical transformations
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Archaeological Sites between the Tigris and Tharthar in Light of Archaeological Surveys
The study of archaeological sites and their associated settlement patterns, sequences, and transformations is considered one of the most prominent and challenging areas of modern archaeological research. This is particularly true because such studies rely heavily on field surveys and archival records from archaeological site dossiers, many of which date back to the 1930s. These archival records contain crucial statistical data that enable archaeologists to analyze and understand patterns of ancient settlement, including their expansion and contraction over time. Selecting a specific region for investigation—such as the area between the Tigris River and the Tharthar Valley—and examining its archaeological sites and settlement history in light of archaeological surveys, undoubtedly presents an even greater challenge due to the vastness of the region and the limited availability of published information.
Ethical Values in Digital Advertising for Iraqi Companies An Analytical Study of Instagram Ads
Social media sites, including Instagram, have contributed to increased interest in digital advertising and its use in promoting goods and services. Hence, the need to study it in light of this modern technology on scientific and ethical grounds has become an absolute necessity, given the vast number of these advertisements, which employ ethical values in both positive and negative ways. Hence, the problem of this research, which addresses the ethical values in digital advertising for Iraqi companies on Instagram, emerges. This research is a descriptive study, using a content analysis tool for a research sample of 406 advertisements on this platform over a period of three months through a comprehensive survey. We have come up with a set of results, perhaps the most important of which are the following: 1- Iraqi companies rely heavily on digital advertising on Instagram, particularly classified ads and advertisements as part of publisher content, due to their ease of production, low prices, and rapid presentation
Public interest in electronic journalism: a field study in the city of Baghdad
The research problem revolves around the following main question: (What is the reflection of educational values in electronic journalism on the relationship between teachers and students in Baghdad / A field study( A set of sub-questions branch out from the main question: To what extent does the public rely on electronic journalism to shape their educational values? What goals does the public achieve by relying on electronic journalism, and what are the resulting effects on shaping their educational awareness? What is the degree of public interest in the educational content presented through electronic journalism? The main objectives of the research were as follows: The main objective was to determine the impact of educational values in electronic journalism on the relationship between teachers and students in the city of Baghdad (a field study). It also aimed to reveal the extent to which the public relies on electronic journalism to shape their educational values and to understand the objectives achieved by relying on electronic journalism.
Public interest in electronic journalism
Istanjah infrastructure in the fan of the water of the Saadi
The interpretive structure is considered one of the most important structures to consider when approaching modern poetic texts. This structure reveals the semantic and symbolic essence that the poetic text carries in its depths, layers, and nuances. Its procedural critical function relies on the mechanisms of understanding and comprehension in approaching the text, and on grasping the fundamental aims that the text employs in its various layers and angles. We have chosen the experience of the innovative poet Arif Al-Saadi in his collection titled "His Life is Water," as it embodies many signs of renewal in his poetic experience. This is evident through the poetic foundations and themes addressed in his poems in this collection, which are linked to life in its most dynamic and fluid manifestations. Our study selected a group of the most important issues raised by the poet in the texts of his poetry collection (His Age is Water), because they represent the essence of the experience on the subjective and objective levels in terms of the poetic expressive space. On the formal level, the poet sought renewal and to develop his poetic model in approaching many issues, especially those related to the techniques of the poetic text, so that the study of the interpretive structure includes the most important of these issues, on the artistic level related to the aesthetics of performance, formation and poetic formulation on the one hand, and on the other hand on the level of the novelty and originality of the poetic topics, which makes our reading move towards the most important and richest of these vital points in the experience of a poet who tries to present something new in each of his collections..
the interpretive structure are described
Al-Farra's Methodology in Interpreting Rare Hadiths: A Collection and Study Based on Abu Ubaid's Rare Hadiths
All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger. It is not hidden from anyone examining the efforts of linguists that they have had numerous contributions to the service of religious sciences, including their work in interpreting the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Among the leading scholars who participated in this was Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Farra', the leading scholar of Kufa in his time—may Allah shower him with His abundant mercy and forgiveness. However, his efforts in this area were not compiled into a single, independent work but were scattered. Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, who was one of al-Farra's students, compiled these efforts within his comprehensive book. This is what preserved some of his legacy in this field for us. Therefore, in this research, I wanted to gather and study all of Abu Ubayd's opinions to understand his methodology in interpreting the obscure terms in hadiths. Al-Farra' was a diligent scholar with strong opinions, in addition to his position as the head of the Kufan ​​school. Hence, this research. .
The choices of the Holy Quran in cases where there are multiple grammatical interpretations
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, praise befitting His Majesty and Beauty, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad, his family and companions. Now then... The Great Qur’an has overwhelmed the Arabs with its eloquence and lofty style, and the precision of its choices for its structures and vocabulary. This is something that everyone who has read this book and pondered over it can attest to. The Holy Qur’an, like the Arabic language, is open to multiple meanings, with multiple grammatical forms in its vocabulary and structures. This multiplicity is nothing but evidence of the breadth of this language and its ability to express meanings in the simplest structure and easiest phrase. In this research, we will stop at places in the Holy Qur’an that have various grammatical forms, between nominative, accusative, genitive, and other grammatical cases, except that the Qur’anic expression chose one of them. This choice was embodied in a reading from the readings of the seven reciters, or their consensus on a specific reading, although the omitted aspects are permissible in Arabic and are used by its people. I have named this research “The Choices of the Holy Qur’an in Which the Grammatical Faces Are Multiple.” In this research, we do not want to prove the correctness of the Qur’anic choice – God forbid – for the Holy Qur’an is the holy book of God, revealed in the most eloquent expression and the highest style
The argumentative power of metaphor in Sahih al-Bukhari – the chapter on Zakat as a model
The research titled "The Argumentative Function of Metonymy in the Noble Prophetic Hadith" aims to highlight the argumentative value of metonymy, considering it a rhetorical art that serves two essential functions: a semantic function that contributes to the construction and reinforcement of argumentation, and an aesthetic function that distinguishes elevated texts from others. Accordingly, the study first introduces the concept of argumentation within the framework of pragmatic studies, followed by a discussion of metonymy. It then moves to the applied section, where it extracts Hadiths from the chapter on almsgiving (Zakat) in Sahih al-Bukhari containing metonymic expressions, with the analysis focusing on the argumentative dimension of these.
Exaggeration in the poetry of jurists in Andalusia - an analytical study-
This study aims to demonstrate the aesthetics of the art of exaggeration in the poetry of jurists due to its prominent position among rhetorical styles and the beauty and splendor it bestows on poetic texts. Based on our firm belief in the ability of language to absorb the data of this era thanks to its susceptibility to renewal and development, we chose the topic: "Exaggeration in the poetry of jurists in Andalusia." We tracked the poetic evidence of jurists and analyzed the images of exaggeration in their poetic purposes with the aim of extracting its various forms. In our study, we relied on the analytical approach; in an attempt to uncover rhetorical styles and clarify creative purposes. Their poetry was a fertile field for study; due to its linguistic and stylistic richness, which helped us to represent this phenomenon and comprehend its semantic and rhetorical dimensions. .
Connected Rings in the Poetry of Al-Arjani (d. 544 AH)
Rings possess a special kind of image icon, especially poetic ones. In addition to their descriptive aesthetic value, they fall within a harmonious and consistent framework with the nature experienced by the poet, particularly nature, which is a manifestation of the universe with its sensual and moral beauty, and a source of nourishment for the poetic experience from both the objective and formative perspectives. The dynamism of the connected rings is closely linked to the depiction of nature, whether it is moving nature or still life, based on harmony and sensory interaction, leading to the aesthetic value and interaction of this movement. This allows the poet to interact with nature through similarity, harmony, and mental and cognitive associations, through two themes: The theme of connected, moving rings for a picture of a human being and connected, fixed rings for a picture of nature. The aesthetics of the rings stem from the essence of poetry, intertwining aesthetically with multiple themes that give the recipient the impression that he is reading and watching those rings through the movement of beauty and nature together in different forms and meanings, thus forming aesthetic frameworks in varying proportions.
Feminist Literature from a Feminist Criticism Perspective: Andalusian Women Poets as an Example
The central concept of this research, titled "Feminine Poetry in Andalusian Literature in Light of Feminist Criticism," is to examine the phenomenon of the feminist perspective in literature, particularly poetry. This perspective expresses the dominance of masculinity through analyzing various psychological, social, and political motivations in female-authored texts . The significance of this research lies in its approach to a female literary achievement as an alternative authority and a cultural contribution from a significant yet marginalized segment in the history of Arabic literature. Additionally, it explores the feminine perspective on its issues and problems within the poetic texts. The research is structured around two main sections: the first is Patriarchy. This section highlights the concept of patriarchy and its various forms in feminine poetic texts, specifically focusing on racial domination and color discrimination, class domination and political patriarchy. The second section focuses on gender. This section addresses the distinctions between terms used in this field, such as gender, sex, and sexual role. It then discusses gender in relation to traditional gender roles, breaking gender roles, gender role plurality and gender identity. The methodology of the research utilizes significant feminist critical theories, particularly the perspective of male dominance in society and its various manifestations, as well as site politics and disrupting the normative order.
The Positive motives for determining the speed and slowness of the poetic evidence at the critics
The research discusses the duality of speed and slowness, and its impact on depicting the moving poetic scene, as well as its effectiveness in adjusting the .level of chanting performance The research was concerned with a sample of Arabic poetry evidence that heritage critics preferred over other evidence. The research used the descriptive analytical approach to reveal the positive motives that determine the movement of the poetic witness, fastness and slowness, by employing a number of revealing factors for this internal duality in Arabic poetry. As for the research problem, it lies in identifying the poetic witness from the critical heritage books, as this stage requires a proactive study at the prosodic and phonetic level to determine the levels of speed obtained from the use of words and to know their significance and what their shadows cast on this duality. As for the results of the research and its conclusion, it is represented in the combination of the studied methods and their mutual support, such as the use of interrogative, deletion, introducing, delay, etc., and their capabilities in increasing the speed or slowness of the movement of the meaning, as well as the manifestation of the artistic value of the skits and the ills in revealing this phenomenon..
The presumption of the tool according to Ibn Al-Ahnaf Al-Yamani (d. 717 AH) in his book Al-Bustan in parsing the problems of the Qur’an
The subject of the Qur’inah is one of the important topics among Arabic scholars (both ancient and modern). The Qur’inah is the sign that reveals the meaning along with the evidence that is combined with it. They resorted to estimation and interpretation if a sentence or a letter was omitted from the speech. Ibn al-Ahnaf al-Yamani (d. 707 AH) is considered one of the scholars. Who took care of the clues What distinguished him was that he placed some words on top of each other, made them linked to each other, and took care of the tools through which the sentence is connected, and with this context, the meaning is greatly directed. This is what the research tried to monitor, and by tracking the cases that Ibn al-Ahnaf found, it became clear that the tools used by Ibn al-Ahnaf Al-Ahnaf acquires meaning in the context in which it is placed, so its meaning depends on its presence in the context. Therefore, it can be said that the tool is one of the most important means of changing the grammatical meaning in an Arabic sentence. Keywords (presumption of the instrument, Ibn al-Ahnaf al-Yamani, verbal clues, presumption, Arabic sentence)
Implicit cultural patterns in the novel "The Distant Return": A reading in light of the cultural approach
This study aims to uncover the implicit cultural patterns in the novel The Long Way Back (Al-Raj‘ al-Ba‘id) by the Iraqi writer Fuad Al-Takarli, viewing them as cultural structures subject to the mechanisms of ideology and power within a specific social context. The research proceeds from the hypothesis that the novel does not merely depict modern Iraqi reality, but actively engages in reproducing an implicit cultural discourse that reinforces certain values while opposing others. The study adopts the cultural criticism approach as a reading tool that reveals the operation of cultural codes beneath the surface of the text and highlights the conflict between dominant culture and counter-culture. The research concludes that the novel serves as an archive of various cultural patterns, most notably the patriarchal, sectarian, political, and class-based codes, in addition to patterns related to language and silence.
Intertextuality in the poetry collection of Ibrahim Mustafa Al-Hamad
This research, entitled (Textual Interrelation in Ibrahim Mustafa Al-Hamad's Diwan), deals with the manifestations of textual interrelation as they appear in the poet's poetry, giving the characteristic of interrelation in terms of reliance on references that reveal the aesthetic interconnection between one poetic text and another, especially what appears in the form of influence in relying on religious and literary figures in a manner consistent with the nature of the idea that the poet refers to in that, as the research focuses on stating the importance of interrelation in a way that reveals the aesthetic aspects of every intertextuality or form of interrelation between the poet's text and reliance on the textual reference in that.
Grammatical issues not mentioned in the Holy Quran
It is certain that the Holy Qur'an, with its ten frequent readings, did not contain some grammatical issues, because the Holy Qur'an, with its ten frequent readings, did not understand all that was mentioned in the Arabic grammar, but some of these issues were mentioned in the Holy Qur'an with its ten frequent readings, some were mentioned in the anomalous readings, some were mentioned in the noble Hadith, and in the words of the Arabs their poetry and prose, hence I liked to show the reader the grammatical issues that were not mentioned in the Holy Qur'an with its ten frequent readings
The Dialectic of the Self and the Other in the Poetry of Al-Wa’wāʾ Al-Dimashqi (d. 390 AH)
The majority of Arabic poetry stems from the depth of thought, what memory has left behind, or influential accumulations, or what is formed from events—whether ancient or modern—all of which drive the expression of emotional states. Through this, subjectivity and alterity (the self and the other) emerge. The presence of the self and the other in Arabic poetry is an old literary phenomenon and is not limited to a specific era, as some scholars believe that it is a product of the modern era. Al-Wa’wāʾ Al-Dimashqi has a significant share in this matter; for the nature of the Arab poet is distinguished by sensitivity, pride, a sense of superiority, and a kind of confidence that makes the emergence of individuality and uniqueness clear and explicit, without fear or hesitation. The dialectic and problematic nature of the binary opposition (the self and the other) in Al-Wa’wāʾ’s poetry comes in a distinctive and unique form with a beautiful application that deserves study and attention. As for the method or approach, it is objective and relies on extracting the binary opposition (self / other), clarifying its significance, and what relates to the poet in terms of creativity, poetic experience, and output—all of which are purely the subject of the study.
Guiding the people to Correct Al- Dad by Suleiman Faydi bin Abdullah Al- Islambouli (d.1208AH)_ Investigation and Study_
Ancient and modern scholars were interested in how to pronounce the sound of Dhad, and wrote books and various letters about it. The reason for this is attributed to two things: the first is the difficulty of pronouncing it from its correct place of articulation, as it comes from both sides of the tongue, which makes its place of articulation similar to other sounds. The second is its confusion with the sound of Dhad in the hearing. Tajweed and performance scholars have urged mastering it in reciting the Holy Quran, so that mistakes are not made. The letter (Guidance of the Servants to Correct Dhad) by Suleiman Faydi is an extension of the efforts of those distinguished investigators who wrote on this topic. Its author wanted to clarify the correct pronunciation of the sound of Dhad, so he presented its place of articulation, then its phonetic characteristics that distinguish it, and its similarity to the sound of Dhad. He followed the approach of the ancients in correcting Dhad.
Political Systems and Their Relationship with Homosexuality: An Analytical Study
In the past decade, homosexuals have actively sought to publicly express their individual orientations, leading to the emergence of a tangible homosexual community that has advocated for equal rights, such as the right to marriage, freedom of expression, decriminalization of homosexuality, and equality before the law. These demands were met with political movements that facilitated the efforts of homosexual advocates by enacting same-sex marriage laws. This situation was leveraged to gain voter support and secure leadership positions in Western and European countries. Conversely, an opposing public sentiment emerged, rejecting such facilitation for homosexuals, which was also exploited by other political parties, leading to the rise of political and societal polarizations. In Iraq, however, the legal promotion of homosexuality does not appear imminent. It is unlikely that political parties will compete to legislate in favor of homosexual rights in the near future, owing to Iraqi society's culture that prioritizes religious opinions over legal ones. Nevertheless, Iraq should strive to avoid adopting laws that may spark societal conflicts in the future
The Role of Specialized Agencies in Promoting Cybersecurity Awareness: An Analytical Study of the Media Office of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior
In the current era, countries are increasingly focusing on combating cybersecurity threats that impact both individuals and institutions. Addressing these threats requires enhancing cybersecurity awareness across all segments of society. Specialized agencies, such as the "Media Office of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior," play a crucial role in raising awareness and educating citizens about cybersecurity risks and protection methods.This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Media Office in increasing cybersecurity awareness among Iraqi citizens, with a focus on analyzing the content of publications on the office's official website. The study employed content analysis methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of the Media Office's strategies and the citizens' response to these publications.The results revealed that the Media Office heavily relies on official and credible sources, and the adopted strategies have proven effective in raising cybersecurity awareness. Additionally, there was significant interaction from citizens with the published content. The study confirmed a clear relationship between the Media Office's strategies and increased cybersecurity awareness.The study recommended measures to further enhance the Media Office's role, including improving current strategies, expanding the scope of media campaigns, increasing event documentation, providing training programs, and conducting periodic studies to measure impact and refine strategies based on the findings.
Exposure to electronic journalism and its relationship to the prioritization of issues among Iraqi university youth (Field study)
Electronic journalism represents a communication model within the framework of communication and media sciences. It is also considered one of the primary sources of information upon which individuals and society build their positions and attitudes regarding current events on the local, regional and international scene. Given the characteristics and features of electronic journalism, such as its global reach, speed of access, interactivity, multi-media presence, and low cost, we found it necessary to study and research it through an important segment of society, namely university students, who are considered the most users of these media due to their various needs, including educational ones, and due to the need of these media for people with knowledge and experience in the field of modern technology and its various media. This research aims to monitor the extent of university youth’s exposure to electronic journalism, and its relationship to their prioritization of issues, and to describe this relationship, and to know the type of electronic newspapers that they use most, and to monitor their attitudes towards them, and to research their effects on them, arriving at general results and hypothesis testing results, which can be employed in the future in the field of scientific research.
"The content of digital coverage of artificial intelligence topics on the World of Technology website – an analytical study for the period from February 1 to April 30, 2025"
This study aimed to analyze the content of digital coverage of artificial intelligence (AI) topics published on the Tech World website during the period from February 1 to April 30, 2025. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 138 topics collected during the study period. A content analysis form was designed based on the categories of “what was said” and “how it was said.” The “what was said” category included AI-related topics and their types, while the “how it was said” category covered media frames, directions of coverage, and sources of information. The analytical results revealed that news articles ranked first among the published content, accounting for 44.9%, followed by reports at 34.8%, and then analyses at 13.8%. Regarding the classification of topics by AI categories, generative AI technologies topped the list with 26.8%, followed closely by cybersecurity topics at 26.0%. In terms of media framing, the technological progress frame ranked first with 34.7%, followed by the development and innovation frame with 21.7%. As for the directions of coverage, the majority were neutral at 48.5%, followed by positive coverage at 29.0%, while negative coverage came last at 22.5%. Regarding sources of information, the results indicated that news agencies were the primary source at 30.4%, followed by reports and studies at 26.8%. .
Media Crisis Management in the Era of Digital Transformation: Public Relations Strategies in Combating Misinformation
This study investigates public relations discourse in Iraq within the context of digital transformation and the growing challenge of misinformation in digitally mediated environments. Adopting a qualitative descriptive-analytical design, the research analyzes official digital communications issued by selected Iraqi public institutions to examine structural communication patterns, strategic orientations, and transparency indicators. The findings reveal that digital platforms have significantly enhanced institutional visibility and communication speed. However, digital transformation remains largely operational rather than strategically integrated. Public relations practices predominantly rely on reactive correction strategies, authority-centered messaging, and centralized discourse structures, with limited proactive monitoring or dialogic engagement mechanisms. While transparency and credibility reinforcement contribute to institutional legitimacy, predictive misinformation management systems appear underdeveloped. The study concludes that Iraqi public relations communication is in a transitional stage of digital maturity, requiring stronger strategic integration of digital monitoring, proactive narrative framing, and participatory communication practices. These findings contribute to crisis communication and digital public relations literature
The Public's Reliance on the Websites of Iraqi Newspapers in Raising Awareness of Human Rights Issues: A Field Study
This study examines the role of Iraqi newspaper websites in promoting awareness of human rights issues and public engagement, amid increasing reliance on digital media as a key source of information in modern society. These platforms significantly influence public awareness through both positive and potentially negative content, shaping perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. The study adopts a descriptive approach using a field survey and structured questionnaires to evaluate how audiences perceive the role of these websites in selecting, framing, and presenting human rights-related content. It also highlights the growing impact of digital platforms on public opinion formation, information dissemination, and civic engagement, and stresses the importance of guiding their use toward meaningful content that fosters a culture of human rights, supports social development, encourages responsible media consumption, and reflects the ethical and cultural values of Iraqi society..
The role of Iraqi newspapers in enhancing the participation of academic elites in environmental awareness campaigns: a field study
Newspapers and magazines contribute to raising environmental awareness among citizens to enhance knowledge of environmental issues and build awareness of measures and methods to create a clean and healthy environment. This research seeks to determine the role of Iraqi newspapers in promoting the participation of academic elites in environmental awareness campaigns. The researcher used a descriptive survey methodology by identifying the main features and characteristics of the research population. The study found a statistically significant positive effect of the role of Iraqi newspapers in promoting the participation of academic elites in environmental awareness campaigns (p < 0.01). It was found that for every 1% increase in the role of Iraqi newspapers in promoting the participation of academic elites, the participation of academic elites in environmental awareness campaigns increased by 0.889%, thus confirming the first hypothesis of the study. The study also found that Iraqi newspapers have established interactive platforms, both online and in print, that allow for seminars and open meetings with academics to discuss specific issues.
The effect of the difference in readings on morphological and semantic guidance, in the book Languages of the Qur’an by Al Farra’ (d. 207 AH)
This research aims to study the change in linguistic semantics phonetically and morphologically, as a result of the difference in Quranic readings, the multiplicity of morphological forms, and their effect on generating meanings, in the book Languages of the Quran by Al-Farra' (d.207 AH), which included a large number of transmitted and anomalous readings. The change in meaning was not a contradictory change between readings, but rather a difference in diversity and expansion in meaning. This difference may be in the arrangement of letters, or by adding a letter to the letters of a single word, or by replacing a letter with another, and it may be in the derivation of words such as the active participle, and the passive participle. Al-Farra's approach appeared clearly in citing readings with their chains of transmission or with the chains of transmission omitted, and he often attributes the readings to their owners, or to the dialect of a tribe that he names, and chooses from them and responds with evidence and justification based on the speech of the Arabs.
The significance of testimonial verses in the Holy Quran
Certification: It is the granting of Zakat, which is the growth of the soul with what it has the status of nourishment for the body, and the principle of recommending is denying what is despicable in word or deed and its truth is the reporting of what is involved in a person, and the purification of the reprehensible morals arising from the evil of the stomach, speech, anger, envy, miserliness, and love Goodness, love of the world, arrogance, and wonder, and the Almighty said: The Zakat of conscience has succeeded in its zakat that belongs to the soul in the sense of acclamation, and acclamation is also from zakat, meaning: purification, or growth, and it is said that testimony of witnesses: a statement of their suitability to testify and recommend money: to pay what is required of Zakat. One of them is indeed praiseworthy, and one of them is praiseworthy, and one of them was praised by the Almighty, and to him he intended by saying: The one who prays it has succeeded, and the second by saying as recommending justice to others. And for this reason, it was said to a wise man, what is not good, and if it is true, then he said praising the man himself, and according to the previous sayings. Whenever a slave gets rid of the slavery of Satan and the soul, he is the most pure soul, the purest religion, and obedience to his Lord
The effect of lexical substitution on grammatical coherence
The student of grammar needs to look inside the text to know the substitution, and to to reveal its techniques and the integrity of its structures that ensure the consistency of its form and coherence, and lexical substitution is an aspect of grammatical coherence and its treatment in modern studies depends on the relationship that arises between the linguistic elements within the text, and the idea of the research is based on the existence of a relationship of opposition between the two elements of substitution, i.e. (the replaced and the replaced, especially after I reviewed many studies and research that were written about textual substitution, and reflected the views of their owners about substitution in grammar or in the Holy Quran, and this research came with the hope of removing the confusion that these scholars fell into, and I divided the research into an introduction in whic I explained the meaning of substitution linguistically and technically, the meaning of lexical and grammatical substitution, and three axes. The first axis was titled: The advantages of substitution and its types, including kinetic substitution, literal substitution, and nominal substitution. In the second axis, I explained grammatical substitution in detail. Then I discussed actual substitution and verbal (sentential) substitution in the third axis. A conclusion in which I explained the most important results that the research reached. Based on this division, I began to show the resources in which substitution occurred in the Holy Quran; and to explain its effect on lexical cohesion. And the interconnection of its parts; and determining its meaning
The Semiotics of Passions in Muhammad Abdul Bari's Diwan (It Is No Longer Blue)
This research, entitled [The Semiotics of Passions in Muhammad Abdul Bari's Diwan (It Is No Longer Blue)], aims to reveal the most prominent manifestations of passions and emotions in the texts of the diwan. It concludes that the passions that dominate the poetic discourse of the poetic self lie in: the passion of anxiety, the passion of love, and the passion of belonging. The research also seeks to examine the value system of passions in Abdul Bari's texts, striving to uncover the sources of the passionate self, its subjective vision, and its emotionally charged implications for the stages of the passionate process, represented by: emotional awareness, readiness and preparation, passionate formulation, and moral evaluation. The research focused on describing the process of emotional meanings and how they progress through a graph of ascent, descent, and intensification.
The Contrast in the Book of Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim by al-Amidi (d. 510 AH)
Arabic rhetoric has been unable to touch modern artistic works as a result of the decline of rhetorical studies in the vocabulary of evidence and examples. This was a result of the tendency that distinguished Arabic rhetoric from other sciences. However، if we return to the rhetorical arts and look at them from a different perspective than what scholars have learned، we find that many of the rhetorical arts still carry secrets that rhetoricians have not yet discovered. The contrast in the book “Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim” is one of the rhetorical arts that carry many meanings. It is a method that consists of placing sentences or phrases opposite each other to clarify meanings in a deep way. This method is based on comparing words or concepts that are opposite or opposing in meaning. In the book “Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim،” the art of contrast is used to show the difference between contradictory ideas and to confirm meanings by placing them in direct contrast to enhance the meaning and attract the reader’s attention. In the art of contrast، the method of comparing the idea and its opposite is highlighted